Independences in the Maghreb

1962–2012 : two emblematic dates. The first is part of the continuity of a large-scale political movement—that of the decolonization process, the modalities of post-war transitions, the emergence of independent states, the challenges they faced, as well as the establishment of institutions. As for the second, it raises a threefold questioning. First, on the assessment of fifty years of political action, economic programs, societal projects, and international relations. Next, on the perspectives, political stakes, and aspirations of the populations. And finally, on the strategic-political upheavals taking place in the Maghreb and the Near and Middle East. Independence is a major political event in a country's long journey. It brings a historical situation to a close and opens a new era of radical transformations in all fields. In the Maghreb, the end of the colonial regime and the gaining of independence constitute excellent historical markers. However, the processes of achieving independence, the political management of this turning point, the transition of the population from the status of colonized subjects to citizens of a free society, and the dynamics of development and (re)construction differ from one country to another. Fifty years later, what has become of the hopes raised by the end of colonialism, the aspirations of the peoples, and the challenges faced by the newly sovereign states? What remains of the 'revolutionary' credos?